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             These are deposits that form in the kidney or bladder when substances
    which are normally dissolved in the urine turn into solids.  
    What to look for 
    
      sharp pain.  
       
      nausea and vomiting.  
       
      profuse sweating.  
       
      blood in urine.  
       
     
    If there is an infection
    present as well
 
    
    Kidney stones are created
    when certain substances in urine (including  
	calcium
    and uric acid) crystallise clump together. Small stones, rather like gravel, are able to
    pass out of the body in the urine and often go completely unnoticed with no symptoms. But
    larger stones irritate and stretch the ureter as they move toward the bladder, causing
    agonising pain and blocking the flow of urine. Sometimes a stone can be very large, in
    which case it remains lodged in the kidney, creating a more serious condition.  
    If you've had a kidney
    stone once, you are likely to get one again. For this reason it is vital that you attempt
    to prevent it through various means. 
    Causes  
    Acquiring kidney stones can
    be hereditary, it can also occur in people who are also suffering from gout, urinary tract
    infections  
	(cystitis)   
	and certain bowel diseases. Not
    drinking enough water can also cause it.  
    If you use antacids
    consistently you may be prone to kidney stones. Dietary deficiencies in  vitamin B6 and  
	magnesium,
    and excessive amounts of  
	vitamin D also may be
    factors in the formation of stones.  
    Doctors will normally
    perform a urine/blood test on you to confirm the presence of a stone and to determine the
    possible cause. 
    Traditional Treatment  
    Always seek the advice of
    your doctor if you have the above symptoms and he or she will advise you on the best
    course of action. In most cases, however, bed rest and a mild medication or pain killer
    will help. But your doctor will need to perform a test to confirm the composition of the
    stone and this will indicate the best type of treatment. 
    If complications develop,
    such as an infection or total blockage the stone must be surgically removed.  
    Alternative/Natural
    Treatments 
    These remedies can help in
    relieving the pain of kidney stones. 
    Chinese Herbs -  
			Practitioners
    of Chinese medicine sometimes prescribe star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) to help relieve
    pain and promote urination. Practitioners
    of Chinese medicine sometimes prescribe star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) to help relieve
    pain and promote urination.   
    Dietary Considerations  
    
      Take daily
        supplements of  
		vitamin B6,  vitamin A and  
		C,
        kelp, lecithin, silica and  
		magnesium  
       
      Avoid anchovies,
        sardines, organ meats, chocolates, celery, grapes, green capsicum, beans, tea,
        strawberries, brewer's yeast.  
       
      Eat a low-protein diet.  
       
      Avoid antacids.  
       
      Reduce salt  
       
      Avoid  vitamin D supplements 
       
      Drink plenty of filtered
        water every day.  
       
      Avoid foods containing
        calcium oxalate, as too much of this can cause the stones to worsen (chocolate, celery,
        grapes, beans, strawberries, spinach, asparagus, black tea). Ask your doctor about limited
        your  
		calcium intake at this time. 
         
     
    When to seek
    further professional advice  
    
      you think you have kidney
        stones;  
       
      you are experiencing any
        pain or difficulty with urination 
       
      you notice blood in your
        urine 
       
     
			  
						  
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